Official Standard of the Newfoundland

Source: AKC

General Appearance: The Newfoundland is a sweet-dispositioned dog that acts neither dull nor
ill-tempered. He is a devoted companion. A multipurpose dog, at home on land and in water, the
Newfoundland is capable of draft work and possesses natural lifesaving abilities.
The Newfoundland is a large, heavily coated, well-balanced dog that is deep-bodied, heavily
boned, muscular, and strong. A good specimen of the breed has dignity and proud head carriage.
The following description is that of the ideal Newfoundland. Any deviation from this ideal is to
be penalized to the extent of the deviation. Structural and movement faults common to all
working dogs are as undesirable in the Newfoundland as in any other breed, even though they
are not specifically mentioned herein.

Size, Proportion, Substance: Average height for adult dogs is 28 inches, for adult bitches 26
inches. Approximate weight of adult dogs range from 130 to 150 pounds, adult bitches from 100
to 120 pounds. The dog’s appearance is more massive throughout than the bitch’s. Large size is
desirable, but never at the expense of balance, structure, and correct gait. The Newfoundland is
slightly longer than tall when measured from the point of shoulder to point of buttocks and from
withers to ground. He is a dog of considerable substance which is determined by spring of rib,
strong muscle, and heavy bone.

Head: The head is massive, with a broad skull, slightly arched crown, and strongly developed
occipital bone. Cheeks are well developed. Eyes are dark brown. (Browns and Grays may have
lighter eyes and should be penalized only to the extent that color affects expression.) They are
relatively small, deep-set, and spaced wide apart. Eyelids fit closely with no inversion. Ears are
relatively small and triangular with rounded tips. They are set on the skull level with, or slightly
above, the brow and lie close to the head. When the ear is brought forward, it reaches to the inner
corner of the eye on the same side. Expression is soft and reflects the characteristics of the
breed: benevolence, intelligence, and dignity. Forehead and face are smooth and free of wrinkles.

Slope of the stop is moderate but, because of the well-developed brow, it may appear abrupt in
profile. The muzzle is clean-cut, broad throughout its length, and deep. Depth and length are
approximately equal, the length from tip of nose to stop being less than that from stop to occiput.
The top of the muzzle is rounded, and the bridge, in profile, is straight or only slightly arched.
Teeth meet in a scissors or level bite. Dropped lower incisors, in an otherwise normal bite, are
not indicative of a skeletal malocclusion and should be considered only a minor deviation.

 

Michigan Listeni/ˈmɪʃᵻɡən/ is a state located in the Great Lakes and midwestern regions of the United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning “large water” or “large lake”. Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area (the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River). Its capital is Lansing, and the largest city is Detroit.

Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula (often referred to as “the U.P.”) is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The state has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair. As a result, it is one of the leading U.S. states for recreational boating. Michigan also has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds. A person in the state is never more than six miles (9.7 km) from a natural water source or more than 85 miles (137 km) from a Great Lakes shoreline.

What is now Michigan was first settled by various Native American tribes before being colonized by French explorers in the 17th century and becoming a part of New France. After the defeat of France in the French and Indian War in 1762 the region came under British rule, and was finally ceded to the newly independent United States after the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War. The area was organized as part of the larger Northwest Territory until 1800, when western Michigan became part of the Indiana Territory. Eventually, in 1805, the Michigan Territory was formed, which lasted until it was admitted into the Union on January 26, 1837, as the 26th state. The state of Michigan soon became an important center of industry and trade in the Great Lakes region and a popular immigrant destination.

Though Michigan has come to develop a diverse economy, it is widely known as the center of the U.S. automotive industry, being home to the country’s three major automobile companies (whose headquarters are all located within the Detroit metropolitan area). While sparsely populated, the Upper Peninsula is economically important due to its status as a tourist destination as well as its abundance of natural resources, while the Lower Peninsula is a center of manufacturing, services, and high-tech industry.